Low profile barriers

ABSTRACT

A barrier includes a housing having an interior surface bounding a chamber that is adapted to receive a ballast, the housing having a central body extending between a first end and an opposing second end. The barrier includes a first projection projecting outward from the first end of the central body and a second projection projecting outward from the second end of the central body. The first projection and the second projection are configured so that for identical housings the first projection of one housing can overlap the second projection of the other housing while the floor of both housings are resting on a common support surface and one housings can be selectively positioned relative to the other over an angle in a range between at least +45° and −45°.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ filed on Oct. 24, 2005, which is incorporated herein by specific reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. The Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to barriers, and more particularly, portable, reusable, control barrier systems that can be used in delineating runways, airfield construction zones, and other construction sites.

2. The Relevant Technology

Control barriers are used in a variety of situations. For example, control barriers can be selectively positioned at special events or construction sites to help direct pedestrian and automobile traffic in a desired direction. Similarly, control barriers can be used at airports to delineate construction zones and direct ground traffic and taxiing aircraft in a desired direction. Alternatively, control barriers can be put up to help limit access to select areas. In yet other embodiments, control barriers can be put up to define an entertainment stage or the boundaries of a playing field. For example, control barriers can be used to define the boundaries of a soccer field or an ice skating rink.

Conventional control barriers have long comprised individual sawhorse type barriers or collapsible V-shape barricades. Such barriers, however, have limited use since they are generally lightweight and are thus easily tipped over or moved. This can be a problem particularly when used in conjunction with aircraft where the barriers cannot withstand the propeller wash or jet blast produced by aircraft and will be blown over or blown out of position. Other problems can arise due to the height of the barriers, which can cause damage to engines, wings, or other portions of aircraft that do not clear the height of the barrier. Furthermore, such barriers are typically not connected and often have spaces or gaps extending therethrough. As such, it is possible for individuals or ground equipment to either slip between or through the barriers.

Other barriers comprise various gates or walls that are mechanically assembled. Such barriers, however, require extensive time to assemble and disassemble. In yet other alternative embodiments, concrete barriers have been used. Although concrete barriers are not easily tipped over and can withstand the propeller wash or jet blast of aircraft, such barriers are extremely heavy. As such, they are difficult to move and place in, desired locations. Often, special equipment such as fork lifts or cranes are required. Furthermore, concrete barriers can be both difficult and expensive to move over large distances and require a large area to store. Concrete barriers can also be dangerous in that they are rigid and non-forgiving when impacted by a person, car, or taxiing aircraft.

In one attempt to overcome some of the above problems, plastic barriers have been made. The plastic barriers are hollow and can be filled with water for stabilizing. Although an improvement, existing plastic barriers also have several limitations. For example, plastic barriers are typically large and bulky. As a result, they are not easily stacked and require large areas to store and transport. Furthermore, conventional plastic barriers are typically too large to meet the strict requirements of being placed on the taxiway or runway of an airport.

In view of the foregoing, it would be desirable to have barriers that solved the foregoing problems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope.

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of one embodiment of a barrier of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of the barrier shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional front view of the ends of a pair of barriers shown in FIG. 1 coupled together;

FIGS. 4-6 are top plan views of a pair of barriers shown in FIG. 1 coupled together at various angles of connection;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of one end of the barrier shown in FIG. 1 showing an alternative engaging mechanism;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional front view of a pair of barriers shown in FIG. 1 stacked together for storage or transport;

FIG. 9 is a top perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a barrier according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a bottom perspective view of the barrier shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a top perspective view of another alternative embodiment of a barrier according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a bottom perspective view of the barrier shown in FIG. 11; and

FIG. 13 is a bottom perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a light that can be mounted on the barrier shown in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 is one embodiment of an inventive barrier 10 incorporating features of the present invention. Barrier 10 comprises a housing 12 having an interior surface 14 bounding a chamber 16 that is adapted to receive a ballast. As used in the specification and appended claims, the term “ballast” is broadly intended to include any materials which can be poured into internal chamber 16. By way of example and not by limitation, the ballast can include water, salt water, non-freezing fluids, sand, rock, cement, concrete, and the like.

Housing 12 comprises a central body 18 having a floor 20 and a longitudinal axis 22 extending between a first end 24 and an opposing second end 26. Central body 18 further comprises opposing side walls 28 and 30 extending between floor 20 and a top wall 32. End walls 34 and 36 extend between at least a portion of side walls 28 and 30 at first end 24 and second end 26, respectively. Housing 12 further includes a first projection 38 and a second projection 40 projecting outward from the first and second ends 24 and 26, respectively, along the longitudinal axis 22.

Side walls 28 and 30 of central body 18 are depicted as being substantially rectangular. Side walls 28 and 30 are substantially parallel to each other and both are substantially perpendicular to top wall 32 and floor 20. Thus, when floor 20 is horizontally disposed, side walls 28 and 30 are substantially vertically disposed and top wall 32 is substantially horizontally disposed. Thus, barrier 10 substantially forms a square or rectangle when viewed along the longitudinal axis 22. In alternative embodiments other shapes can be formed.

Barrier 10 can vary in height, width, and length. In one embodiment barrier 10 has a maximum height extending between floor 20 and top wall 32 that is typically in a range between about 6 inches to about 20 inches with about 8 inches to about 12 inches being more common. Barrier 10 has a maximum width extending between opposing side walls 28 and 30 that is typically in a range between about 6 inches to about 20 inches with about 8 inches to about 12 inches being more common. Finally, barrier 10 has a maximum length extending between the terminal ends of projections 34 and 40 in a range between about 80 inches to about 120 inches with about 90 inches to about 110 inches being more common. Other dimensions can also be used. The size of barrier 10 is in part dictated by the intended use. For example, use of barrier 10 at an airport runway or taxi area requires that barrier 10 be sufficient size so that when internal chamber 16 is filled with a ballast, barrier 10 has sufficient weight to prevent unwanted movement when subject to propeller wash or jet blast of an aircraft. As such, barrier 10 is typically sized to that internal chamber 16 can hold at least 30 gallons of water. In other embodiments, internal chamber 16 can hold at least 35 gallons of water or at least 40 gallons of water. Other sizes can also be used.

In one embodiment of the present invention, at least a portion of one or both of side walls 28 and 30 can be sloped. For example, in the embodiment depicted, side wall 28 has a sloped portion 42 that is recessed within side wall 28 and is substantially rectangular. In other embodiments, other shapes can be used. Slope portion 42 typically comprises at least 70% of side wall 28 and more commonly at least 80% or at least 90%.

In the embodiment depicted, sloped portion 42 is sized so that reflective tape 44, such as a high intensity reflective sheeting, can be attached thereto. Alternatively, a reflective coating can be painted on or otherwise attached to sloped portion 42. Sloped portion 42 angles inward toward side wall 30 as sloped portion 42 rises toward top wall 32 to reflect light upward toward a pilot when the pilot is many feet above the ground in an airplane cockpit. The slope is such that the distance between sloped portion 42 and side wall 30 is greatest near floor 20 than near top wall 32. For example, in the embodiment depicted, sloped portion 42 forms an angle θ of about three degrees relative to vertical. In alternative embodiments, angle θ can be in a range between about 2° to about 15° with about 2° to about 10° or about 2° to about 5° being more preferred. Other angles can also be used. It is appreciated that side wall 30 can include a sloped portion 46 in like manner to side wall 28. Thus, in other embodiments sloped portions 42 and 46 can be disposed in parallel planes, can each slope in intersecting planes, or one wall can be vertical while the other wall slopes relative thereto.

One or more brackets can be mounted to barrier 10 for various purposes. For example, a bracket can be mounted which upwardly projects from top wall 32 to be used in mounting peripheral equipment such as a barrier light to barrier 10. Depicted in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is a bracket 48 attached to top wall 32, which is used to secure a barrier light 50 to barrier 10. Barrier light 50 comprises a housing 52 in which a battery is disposed and a lens 54 in which a light filament is disposed. Barrier light 50 can have a variety of other configurations. Bracket 48 is made of metal, but other materials may alternatively be used, such as hard plastic. An aperture 56 is formed in bracket 48 to aid in securing light 50 to barrier 10. Aperture 56 can be a hole, a slit, or other type of opening.

In some embodiments, brackets 48 are attached to barrier 10 within recesses formed in top wall 32. For example, depicted in FIG. 1, a first recess 58 and a second recess 60 are formed on top wall 32 of central body 18. Recesses 58 and 60 are each sized to at least partially receive barrier light 50. In the depicted embodiment, recesses 58 and 60 are generally rectangular shaped although other shapes can also be used. Recesses 58 and 60 are each bounded by a floor 62 and a perimeter sidewall 64 extending between the top surface of top wall 32 and floor 62. Floor 62 has a circular indent 168 formed therein that can receive a cylindrical handle for a rotating light that mounts onto bracket 48.

Specifically, depicted in FIG. 13 is a bottom perspective use of a rotating light 170. Light 170 comprises a substantially cylindrical handle 172 having a first end 174 and an opposing second end 176. A substantially cylindrical lens 178 is mounted on second end 176 of handle 172. A light bulb is disposed within lens 178 and is adapted to continuously rotate in a 360 degree pattern. A substantially U-Shaped clamp, 180 is mounted on handle 172. Clamp 180 has a closed first end 182 and a forked second end 184. A bolt 186 extends across forked second end 184 so as to secure clamp 180 onto handle 172.

A mounting bolt 188 extends through first end 182 of clamp 180. During mounting, first end 174 of handle 172 is received within circular indent 168 formed on one of recess 58 or 60 of barrier 10 (FIG. 1). Mounting bolt 188 extends through aperture 56 on bracket 48 so that first end 182 of clamp 180 biases against bracket 48. A nut 190 and washer 192 are then advanced along mounting bolt 188 and tightened against bracket 48 on the opposing side of clamp 180, thereby securing light 170 to bracket 48. It is appreciated that light 170 can be operated by a battery and/or a solar cell.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 9, bracket 48 is L-shaped having a base 49 and an upright 51 orthogonally projecting therefrom, aperture 56 being formed on upright 51. Base 49 attaches to floor 62 of recess 60. Upright 51 projects up from recess 60 and is used to secure light 50 to barrier 10. Base 49 is riveted to floor 62 of recess 60 using two rivets 66, thereby securing bracket 48 with recess 60. Other fastening methods can alternatively be used to fasten bracket 48 to barrier 10, such as screws, bolts, clips, Velcro or other known fastening methods. A bracket 48 can be attached to recess 58 in like manner.

Returning to FIG. 1, light fixture 50 can be secured to bracket 48 using any conventional methods such as screws, bolts, clips, Velcro or other known fastening methods. In the embodiment depicted, a bolt 68 having an enlarged head is selectively passed through aperture 56 so as to engage housing 52, thereby securing barrier light 50 with bracket 48 within recess 60. As will be discussed below in greater detail, bracket 48 can also be configured to allow stacking and coupling of two barriers 10 while brackets 48 remain attached to barriers 10.

Depicted in FIG. 2 is the exterior surface of floor 20 of central body 18 according to one embodiment. A pair of forklift channels 70 are recessed on floor 20 and extend between side walls 28 and 30. Fork lift channels 70 are configured to receive the tines of a fork lift such that, if desired, barrier 10 can be moved by a fork lift even if filled with ballast. Means can also be provided for increasing the coefficient of friction of barrier 10 by securing pads or other similar devices to floor 20 as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,086,285, which is incorporated herein by reference (hereinafter “the '285 patent”).

In one embodiment of the present invention, means are provided for filling internal chamber 16 with ballast. By way of example and not by limitation, as depicted in FIG. 1, internal chamber 16 communicates with the exterior through an opening 72 located on top wall 32. Opening 72 can be selectively closed or sealed by a cap (not shown). A threaded insert can be molded, welded, or otherwise attached to opening 72 to allow the cap to be screwed onto barrier 10. In alternative embodiments, opening 72 can be positioned at other locations on barrier 10. Means are also provided for selectively draining ballast from barrier 10. By way of example and not by limitation, a drain hole 74 extends through side wall 28 adjacent floor 20. Drain hole 74 can be threaded or a threaded insert can be attached thereto. A plug (not shown) can be screwed into or otherwise attached to drain hole 74 for sealing drain hole 74 closed. In alternative embodiments, drain hole 74 can also be positioned at other locations on barrier 10. To help prevent the plug from accidentally being knocked out of drain hole 74, drain hole 74 is preferably positioned within a recess 78 formed on side wall 28.

Upwardly projecting from floor 20 of barrier 10 is a substantially conical post 80. Post 80 is vertically aligned with opening 72 on top wall 32 of barrier 10 (see FIG. 8). Post 80 is configured to be received in the end of a hollow pole such as a flag pole, support pole, or any other type of pole that is passed down through opening 72. As a result of post 80 being substantially conical, post 80 can be snugly received within a variety of alternative pole sizes. In alternative embodiments, post 80 can be configured to receive different pole configurations. Further details concerning possible pole configurations that can be used with the present invention are given in the '285 patent.

As mentioned above, housing 12 further includes a first projection 38 and a second projection 40 projecting longitudinally outward from first and second ends 24 and 26 of central body 18, respectively. Projections 38 and 40 are configured such that for identical housings 12 the first projection 38 of one housing can overlap the second projection 40 of the other housing while the floor of both housings are resting on a common support surface, as discussed in further detail below.

With continued reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, first projection 38 comprises a top surface 82 and an opposing bottom surface 84 with a perimeter sidewall 86 extending therebetween. In the embodiment depicted, top surface 82 of first projection 38 lies in the same plane as top wall 32 of central body 18 and is thus horizontally displaced. Top surface 82 alternatively can lie in a different plane than top wall 32. Bottom surface 84 projects longitudinally outward from first end wall 34 on first end 24 and is substantially parallel to top surface 82 and thus horizontally disposed in the embodiment depicted. Perimeter sidewall 86 is substantially vertical as it extends between top surface 82 and bottom surface 84. First projection 38 is rounded on a distal end such that the end is substantially semi-circular when viewed from a position perpendicular to bottom surface 84 of first projection 38. In the embodiment depicted one end of sidewall 86 attaches to central body 18 and lies in the same vertical plane as side wall 28 and the other end attaches to central body 18 and lies in the same vertical plane as side wall 30.

Second projection 40 comprises a top surface 88 and an opposing bottom surface 90 with a perimeter sidewall 92 extending therebetween. In the embodiment depicted, bottom surface 90 of second projection 40 lies in the same plane as floor 20 of central body 18 and is thus horizontally displaced. Bottom surface 90 alternatively can lie in a different plane than floor 20. Top surface 88 projects longitudinally outward from second end wall 36 on second end 24 and is substantially parallel to bottom surface 90 and thus horizontally disposed in the embodiment depicted. Perimeter sidewall 92 is substantially vertical as it extends between top surface 88 and bottom surface 90. Second projection 40 is rounded on a distal end such that the end is substantially semi-circular when viewed from a position perpendicular to top surface 88 of second projection 40. In the embodiment depicted one end of sidewall 92 attaches to central body 18 and lies in the same vertical plane as side wall 28 and the other end attaches to central body 18 and lies in the same vertical plane as side wall 30.

Turning to FIG. 3 in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 2, first and second projections 38 and 40 are configured so that the bottom surface 84 of first projection 38 is disposed either in substantially the same plane as top surface 88 of second projection 40 or is disposed above top surface 88 of second projection 40. The term “above” is defined as being a further distance away from floor 20. As depicted in FIG. 3, because bottom surface 84 is either in the same plane as or above top surface 88, the first projection 38 of one housing 10A can overlap the second projection 40 of another identical housing 10B while floor 20 of central body 18 of both housings are resting on a common support surface. First projection 38 and second projection 40 are also configured so that for identical housings 10A and 10B, one of the housings can be selectively positioned relative to the other housing over an angle formed between the longitudinal axis 22 of the one housing and the longitudinal axis 22 of the other housing in a wide range of angles, as shown in FIGS. 4-6 and discussed in more detail below.

In one embodiment of the present invention means are provided for mechanically engaging first projection 38 of one barrier with second projection 40 of an identical housing in a releasable fashion when first projection 38 of one of the barriers is overlapping second projection 40 of the other barrier. By way of example and not by limitation, the means for mechanically engaging can comprise one or more engagers projecting from one of the projections 38, 40 and one or more pockets recessed on the other projection 38, 40, the pockets being configured to receive the engagers of an identical barrier. For example, depicted in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 is a pair of engagers 94 projecting from bottom surface 84 of first projection 38 and a plurality of pockets 96 formed on top surface 88 of second projection 40. Each engager 94 is substantially similarly sized and shaped, and the distance between the center of the pair of engagers 94 is shown as d1.

The embodiment depicted includes eight pockets 96. In other embodiments the number of pockets can be six or ten or any other number. The plurality of pockets 96 are configured to receive a pair of engagers 94 disposed on a separate identical barrier. Each pocket 96 is formed in top surface 88 to be able to receive a single engager 94, as shown in FIG. 3. The plurality of pockets 96 are disposed in a substantially circular pattern having a second diameter d2 substantially equal to the distance d1 between engagers 94, and each pocket 96 has a matching pocket 96 diametrically opposed to it on the opposite side of the circle (for example, 96A and 96B). This allows each pair of pockets 96 to be able to receive the pair of engagers 94. As shown in FIG. 3, two identical barriers 10A and 10B are situated such that first projection 38 of barrier 10B overlaps second projection 40 of barrier 10A. The pair of engagers 94A and 94B are received in the pair of pockets 96A and 96B.

Returning to FIG. 1, there are four pairs of diametrically opposed pockets 96 formed in top surface 88 of second projection 40 in the embodiment depicted. This allows angles of multiples of 45 degrees to be able to be formed between the two engaged barriers 10A and 10B when engaged, as shown in FIGS. 4-6. To receive the pair of engagers 94 in a different pair of pockets 96, first projection 38 of second barrier 10B is lifted off second projection 40 of first barrier 10A until no engagers 94 are received in any pockets 96. Second barrier 10B is then rotated with respect to first barrier 10A until the engagers 94 on first projection 38 of barrier 10B become vertically aligned with another pair of pockets 96 on second projection 38 of barrier 10A. First projection 38 of barrier 10B is then lowered onto second projection 38 of barrier 10A, causing the different pair of pockets 96 to receive the pair of engagers 94.

Turning to FIG. 7, a single annular pocket 98 can be used instead of a plurality of individual pockets 96 to receive engagers 94. In this regard a singe engager 94 can also be used. Annular pocket 98 is formed in top surface 88 of second projection 40. Pocket 98 forms a continuous ring recessed on top surface 88 and has a diameter d3 substantially equal to the distance d1 between engagers 94. Pocket 98 comprises a side wall 100 that curves down from top surface 88 at an inner edge 102 and returns back to the surface at an outer edge 104, defining the pocket. The cross-sectional shape of pocket 98 substantially mirrors the shape of engagers 94 so that pocket 98 can receive the pair of engagers 94 or a single engager 94.

Because annular pocket 98 is a continuous channel, engagers 94 can be received by pocket 98 at any location around pocket 98, thus allowing a continuum of angles to be formed between the engaged barriers. In the depicted embodiment, the range of angles that can be formed between two engaged barriers is about +90° to about −90°. Rotating barrier 10B with respect to barrier 10A is easier than when using individual pockets 96, depicted above. To receive the pair of engagers 94 in a different location within pocket 98, first projection 38 of second barrier 10B is only slightly lifted, then rotated with respect to first barrier 10A until the desired angle is obtained. First projection 38 of barrier 10B is then lowered onto second projection 38 of barrier 10A, causing the pair of engagers 94 to be received in a different location within pocket 98.

In view of the foregoing, projections 38 and 40 and the means for engaging are formed so that a selective angle α can be formed between the longitudinal axis 22 of each of the coupled barriers 10. Some of these angles are shown in FIGS. 4-6. For example, in FIG. 5 angle α is shown at +45 degrees and can also extend to −45 degrees. In FIG. 6, the angle α is shown a +90 degrees and can also extend to −90 degrees. Here it is appreciated that by increasing the number of pockets 96, barriers 10 can be set at a larger number of predefined angles. Likewise, by using annular pocket 98, barriers 10 can be set at any defined angle. In addition, by moving end walls 34 and 36 back, angle α can be made larger than 90 degrees. For examples, barriers 10 can be formed to extend over an angle of at least +120 degrees to −120 degrees.

Although engagers 94 have been disclosed as being disposed on bottom surface 84 of first projection 38 and pockets 96 have been disclosed as being disposed on top surface 88 of second projection 40, it is appreciated that in alternate embodiments, engagers 94 and pockets 96 can be disposed on the opposite surface. In other words, engagers 94 can alternatively be disposed on top surface 88 of second projection 40 and pockets 96 can alternatively be disposed on bottom surface 84 of first projection 38. Also, although the preceding discussion discloses a pair of engagers being received by different pairs of pockets within a plurality of pockets, it is appreciated that the present invention can also be accomplished by having only a single pair of pockets. The present invention can also be accomplished using only a single engager that is received within a single pocket, including a single engager received within one of a plurality of pockets or by three or more engagers.

In an alternative embodiment of the means for mechanically engaging, a fastener can connect barriers 10 together. This alternative means can be used in place of or in conjunction with means that use engagers and pockets as described above. For example, returning to FIG. 3 in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 2, a kiss-off 106 is disposed on first projection 38 of barrier 10. Kiss-off 106 extends between top surface 82 and bottom surface 84. Kiss-off 106 comprises a top inset 108 that projects from top surface 82 into chamber 62 toward bottom surface 84. Top inset 108 has an outside face 110 and an inside face 112. Outside face 110 bounds a recessed, blind pocket 114 on top surface 82 while inside face 112 communicates with chamber 62. Kiss-off 106 also comprises a bottom inset 116 that projects from bottom surface 84 into chamber 62 toward top surface 82. Bottom inset 116 has an outside face 118 and an inside face 120. Outside face 118 bounds a recessed blind pocket 122 on bottom surface 84 while inside face 120 communicates with chamber 62.

As shown in FIG. 3, a portion of top inset 108 and a portion of bottom inset 116 are connected together within chamber 62 such as by being integrally molded together at a joint 124. Joint 124 is encircled by chamber 62. A hole 126 is formed through joint 124 allowing pocket 114 to communicate with pocket 122, creating a passage 128 extending from top surface 82 to bottom surface 84. An elongated fastener 130, such as an eyebolt, can be extended down through passage 128 and project below bottom surface 84 of first projection 38.

Means for receiving fastener 130 can be included in second projection 40 to secure fastener 130 and thus secure first projection 38 of one barrier to second projection 40 of another barrier. As shown in FIG. 3, a socket 132 is formed within top surface 82 of second projection 40. Socket 132 is configured to receive a threaded insert 134 into which a screw or bolt can be screwed. Insert 134 can be directly molded into barrier 10 or can be subsequently secured within socket 132. As a result, when projection 38 is centrally overlapping projection 40, fastener 130 can be passed through projection 38 and screwed into threaded insert 134, thereby securing first projection 38 of one barrier to second projection 40 of another barrier. It is appreciated that a variety of different coupling techniques can be used to connect fastener 130 to projection 40. This engagement help prevent unwanted separation between the barrier 10 when subject to high loads, such as the propeller wash or jet blast from an aircraft.

If a fastener 130 is used in conjunction with engagers 94 and pockets 96 in engaging two identical barriers 10A and 10B, the barriers 10A and 10B are first engaged using engagers 94 and pockets 96, as described above. Once the two barriers 10A and 10B are engaged in a desired rotation, fastener 130 is securely attached through passage 128 within first projection 38 of barrier 10B to the means for receiving the fastener within the top surface 88 of second projection 40 of barrier 10A, which is the threaded insert 134.

In one embodiment of the present invention means are provided for mechanically mating a pair of barriers together for transport and/or storage. Turning to FIG. 8 in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 2, by way of example and not by limitation, projecting from top wall 32 are a pair of spaced apart tenons 138 and 140. In the depicted embodiment, each tenon comprises an outwardly projecting ring 142 that terminates at an end wall 144 and encircles a cavity 146. A pair of spaced apart mortises 148 and 150 are formed on floor 20 in alignment with tenons 138 and 140. Tenons 138 and 140 are configured complementary to mortises 148 and 150, respectively. Each mortise 148 and 150 comprises an annular wall 152 inwardly projecting from floor 20 that terminates at a recessed end wall 154. A frustum 156 centered on end wall 154 projects out from end wall 154, terminating at or about the same plane as floor 20. The frustum 156 is sized and shaped to be able to be received within cavity 146 of the corresponding tenon 138 or 140 on top wall 32 of a separate identical barrier.

As depicted in FIG. 8, by seating a second barrier 10B on top of barrier 10A and mating top wall 32 of barrier 10A to floor 20 of barrier 10B, tenons 138 and 140 of barrier 10A are received within corresponding mortises 148 and 150, respectively, of barrier 10B. As such, barriers 10A and 10B are mated together. The overall mated structure has a substantially parallelepiped configuration. As a result, the mated barriers 10A and 10B are easily stacked for transport or storage. In alternative embodiments, tenons 138 and 140 and mortises 148 and 150 can be a variety of alternative configurations and need only be constructed so that they mate together.

In some embodiments, a port 160 can centrally extend through end wall 144 of one or both of mortises 148 and 150 so as to communicate with internal chamber 16. Elongated members such as poles, flags, guide rails, sign posts or others support structures can be passed down through one or both ports 160 so as to be supported by barrier 10. The bottom end of the elongated member can be received within a pocket 162 formed on the interior surface of each mortise 148 and 150 to further support the elongated members.

In the embodiment depicted, barriers 10A and 10B are configured so that when mated the top surface and bottom surface of the assembled barriers are substantially flat except for tenons 138 and 140 that receive mortises 148 and 150. This enables groups of assembled barriers to be easily and compactly stacked on top of and adjacent to one another for efficient storage and/or transport.

As described above, one or more brackets 48 can be mounted on top wall 32 of barrier 10 and upwardly project therefrom. Also as described above, a pair of fork lift channels 70 can extend between side walls 28 and 30 and along floor 20. To allow stacking of barriers 10 without removing brackets 48, each bracket 48 can be sized and positioned on top wall 32 to be aligned with one of the pair of fork lift channels 70 so at least a portion of the bracket 48 fits within the fork lift channel 70 when top wall 32 is seated against floor 20 of another identical barrier. If the brackets 48 are mounted within recesses formed on top wall 32, the recesses can also be aligned with the forklift channels 70. For example, as depicted in FIGS. 1 and 8 recesses 58 and 60 are vertically aligned with forklift channels 70 which allows the stacking of barriers 10 without removing brackets 48. Specifically, recesses 58 and 60 are positioned on barrier 10A such that when second barrier 10B is stacked on top of first barrier 10A for transport or storage, recesses 58 and 60 of the first barrier 10A are longitudinally aligned with forklift channels 70 of the second barrier 10B. This allows brackets 48 attached to first barrier 10A to be received within forklift channels 70 of second barrier 10B.

Barrier 10 is typically made of a resiliently deformable polymeric material having strong, semi-rigid, and energy absorbing properties. Such materials include linear or cross-linked plastics that will deform under pressure but will not fail in a brittle manner. Examples of conventional polymeric materials include polyethylene (including High Density Polyethelene (HDPE)), polyvinylchloride, nylon, polycarbonate, and polypropylene. Additives such as dyes, pigments, and reinforcements, such as fibers, can also be added to the material. Florescent dies can be added to help barriers 10 glow at night for better direction of traffic. In one embodiment, it is preferred that barrier 10 be made from a recyclable plastic such as polyethylene or HDPE. This enables old or broken barriers to be ground down and recycled into new barriers.

Barrier 10 is typically made by blow molding. Of course, other molding processes, such as rotational molding, injection molding or die molding, can also be used. In the depicted embodiment, an opening 158 is formed on the second projection 40 (FIG. 2) to allow air to be blown into the barrier during the molding process to force the plastic material to fill the edges of the mold as the barrier is being formed. A fitting can be formed within sidewall 92 of second projection 40 to aid in this process. Opening 158 can be closed by a plug. Independent of the method used, it is generally desirable that barrier 10 have a substantially uniform thickness T, as shown in FIG. 3, so as to minimize shrink deformation. In one embodiment, barrier 10 has a thickness T in a range between about 0.2 cm to about 1.5 cm with about 0.3 cm to about 0.8 being more common. The thickness is chosen to optimize desired deflection and required strength properties. Other dimensions can also be used.

Depicted in FIGS. 9 and 10 is an alternative embodiment of a barrier 200 according to the present invention wherein like elements between barriers 10 and 200 are identified by like reference characters. Barriers 10 and 200 are substantially similar except that instead of having a plurality of pockets 96 disposed on top surface 88 of second projection 40, barrier 200 has a single pocket 202 that is recessed within top surface 88. Pocket 202 has a floor 204 that is recessed within top surface 88 and a perimeter sidewall 206 extending between top surface 88 and floor 204. Pocket 202 comprises a center section 208 and a plurality of arms 210 radially extending outward from center section 208. Similar to the plurality of pockets 96 of barrier 10, each arm 210 has a matching arm 210 diametrically opposed to it on the opposite side of center section 208 (for example, 210A and 210B). This allows each pair of arms 210 to be able to receive the pair of engagers 94 that project down from first projection 38. Engagers 94 a can also be shaped accordingly to allow a snug fit within arm 210.

Depicted in FIGS. 11 and 12 is another alternative embodiment of a barrier 220 according to the present invention wherein like elements between barriers 10 and 220 are identified by like reference characters. Barriers 10 and 220 are substantially similar except that barrier 220 contains no engagers or pockets on either projection 38 or 40. The first projection 38 of barrier 220 can still overlap the second projection 40 of an identical barrier 220, but the engagement is strictly by use of fastener 130 (FIG. 3) that extends through passage 128 on first projection 38 and engages with insert 134 on second projection 40, thereby securing the barriers together as previously discussed.

As mentioned above, additional features which can be incorporated into the present invention are disclosed in the '285 patent.

In view of the foregoing, it is appreciated that various embodiments of the present invention have a number of unique benefits. For example, select embodiments provide an engaging means in which one end of the barrier can overlap the end of another barrier, forming an almost continuous wall. By using engagers that are received within pockets, a solid connection is made between barriers that prevents unwanted movement or rotation of one barrier relative to the other. Furthermore, use of fastener 130 prevents unwanted separation of the barriers. By providing tenons and mortises on the barriers and aligning attached brackets with fork lift channels, select embodiments of the current invention allow for easier stacking, while allowing the brackets to remain attached to the barrier. This saves time and money when transporting or storing the barriers.

A number of advantages are realized when used in an airport setting. For example, in some embodiments a portion of the side wall is sloped upward, which allows pilot to more easily see any reflective tape or coating on the sloped portion of the side wall, thus providing a safer airport construction environment. The low profile nature of the barriers helps to ensure that the barriers will not obstruct or damage planes while still providing necessary guidance. In addition, the barriers are of sufficient size so that when filled with a ballast that they will not be unintentionally moved by the propeller wash or jet blast of an aircraft. Some embodiments provide a bracket for securely attaching a barrier light to the bracket. This provides an added degree of safety for the airport environment.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. 

1. A barrier comprising: a housing having an interior surface bounding a chamber that is adapted to receive a ballast, the housing comprising: a central body having a floor and a longitudinal axis extending between a first end and an opposing second end; a first projection projecting outward from the first end of the central body along the longitudinal axis, the first projection having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface; and a second projection projecting outward from the second end of the central body along the longitudinal axis, the second projection having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface, wherein the first projection and the second projection are configured so that for identical housings the first projection of one housing can overlap the second projection of the other housing while the floor of both housings are resting on a common support surface and one of the housings can be selectively positioned relative to the other over an angle formed between the longitudinal axis of the one housing and the longitudinal axis of the other housing in a range between at least +45° and −45°; and means for mechanically engaging the first projection of the housing with the second projection of the identical housing in a releasable fashion when the first projection is overlapping the second projection.
 2. The barrier as recited in claim 1, wherein when the floor of the central body is disposed in a horizontal plane, the bottom surface of the first projection and the top surface of the second projection are each disposed in at least substantially horizontal planes.
 3. The barrier as recited in claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the first projection is disposed in substantially the same plane as the top surface of the second projection or is disposed above the top surface of the second projection.
 4. The barrier as recited in claim 1, wherein the central body has a top wall positioned opposite the floor and a pair of opposing side walls extending between the floor and the top wall, the central body having a maximum height extending between the floor and the top wall in a range between about 6 inches to about 14 inches and a maximum width extending between the opposing side walls in a range between about 6 inches to about 14 inches.
 5. The barrier as recited in claim 1, wherein the means for mechanically engaging comprises: a first engager projecting from one of the bottom surface of the first projection or the top surface of the second projection; and a first pocket recessed on the other one of the bottom surface of the first projection or the top surface of the second projection, wherein the first engager and the first pocket are configured so that for identical housings the first engager of one housing can be received within the first pocket of the other housing.
 6. The barrier as recited in claim 5, wherein the first pocket comprises an annular channel.
 7. The barrier as recited in claim 6, wherein the means for mechanically engaging further comprises: a second engager projecting from the same surface as the first engager, the second engager being spaced apart from the first engager, wherein the first and second engagers and the annular channel are configured so that for identical housings the first and second engagers of one housing can be received within the annular channel of the other housing.
 8. The barrier as recited in claim 1, wherein the means for mechanically engaging comprises: a first engager and a spaced apart second engager projecting from one of the bottom surface of the first projection or the top surface of the second projection; and a first pocket and a second pocket recessed on the other one of the bottom surface of the first projection or the top surface of the second projection, wherein the first and second engagers and the first and second pockets are configured so that for identical housings the first and second engagers of one housing can be received within the first and second pockets of the other housing.
 9. The barrier as recited in claim 1, wherein the means for mechanically engaging comprises: a first engager projecting from one of the bottom surface of the first projection or the top surface of the second projection; and a plurality of spaced apart pockets recessed on the other one of the bottom surface of the first projection or the top surface of the second projection.
 10. The barrier as recited in claim 9, wherein the plurality of spaced apart pockets comprises at least six pockets disposed in a substantially circular pattern.
 11. The barrier as recited in claim 10, wherein the means for mechanically engaging further comprises: a second engager projecting from the same surface as the first engager, the second engager being spaced apart from the first engager, wherein the first and second engagers and the plurality of spaced apart pockets are configured so that for identical housings the first and second engagers of one housing can be received within an opposing pair of pockets within the plurality of pockets of the other housing.
 12. The barrier as recited in claim 1, wherein the means for mechanically engaging comprises: a passage extending from the top surface to the bottom surface of the first projection; and an elongated fastener extending down through the passage and projecting below the bottom surface of the first projection.
 13. The barrier as recited in claim 1, wherein the first projection and the second projection are configured so that for identical housings one of the housings can be selectively positioned relative to the other over an angle formed between the longitudinal axis of the one housing and the longitudinal axis of the other housing in a range between at least +90° and −90°.
 14. The barrier as recited in claim 1, wherein the first projection and the second projection are configured so that for identical housings one of the housings can be selectively positioned relative to the other over an angle formed between the longitudinal axis of the one housing and the longitudinal axis of the other housing in a range between at least +120° and −120°.
 15. A barrier comprising: a housing having an interior surface bounding a chamber that is adapted to receive a ballast, the housing comprising: a central body having a floor and a longitudinal axis extending between a first end and an opposing second end; a first projection projecting outward from the first end of the central body along the longitudinal axis, the first projection having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface, a passage extending through the first projection from the top surface to the bottom surface; a second projection projecting outward from the second end of the central body along the longitudinal axis, the second projection having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface, the bottom surface of the first projection being disposed in substantially the same plane as the top surface of the second projection or being disposed above the top surface of the second projection, a first engager projecting from one of the bottom surface of the first projection or the top surface of the second projection; a plurality of spaced apart pockets recessed on the other one of the bottom surface of the first projection or the top surface of the second projection; and an elongated fastener adapted to extend down through the passage on the first projection and project below the bottom surface of the first projection.
 16. The barrier as recited in claim 15, wherein the central body has a top wall positioned opposite the floor and a pair of opposing side walls extending between the floor and the top wall, the central body having a maximum height extending between the floor and the top wall in a range between about 6 inches to about 14 inches and a maximum width extending between the opposing side walls in a range between about 6 inches and about 14 inches.
 17. The barrier as recited in claim 15, wherein the plurality of spaced apart pockets comprises at least six pockets disposed in a substantially circular pattern.
 18. The barrier as recited in claim 13, wherein the first projection and the second projection are configured so that for identical housings the first projection of one housing can be selectively coupled to the second projection of the other housing over an angle formed between the longitudinal axis of the one housing and the longitudinal axis of the other housing in a range between at least +45° and −45°
 19. A barrier comprising: a housing having opposing side walls extending between a top wall and a floor, the housing having an interior surface bounding a chamber that is adapted to receive a ballast; a pair of spaced apart fork lift channels recessed on the floor and extending between the opposing side walls; and a first bracket mounted on the top wall so as to upwardly project therefrom, the first bracket being aligned with one of the pair of fork lift channels such that for identical housings at least a portion of the first bracket of one housing is received within one of the pair of fork lift channels of the other housing when the floor of the one housing is seated against the top wall of the other housing.
 20. The barrier as recited in claim 19, further comprising a first recess formed on the top wall, the first bracket being positioned within the first recess.
 21. The barrier as recited in claim 19, further comprising a second bracket mounted on the top wall so as to upwardly project therefrom, the second bracket being aligned with the other of the pair of fork lift channels.
 22. The barrier as recited in claim 19, further comprising a light removably mounted to the first bracket.
 23. The barrier as recited in claim 19, wherein the housing has a maximum height extending between the floor and the top wall in a range between about 6 inches to about 14 inches and a maximum width extending between the opposing side walls in a range between about 6 inches to about 14 inches.
 24. The barrier as recited in claim 19, wherein the housing comprises: a central body having a longitudinal axis extending between a first end and an opposing second end; a first projection projecting outward from the first end of the central body along the longitudinal axis, the first projection having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface; and a second projection projecting outward from the second end of the central body along the longitudinal axis, the second projection having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface, the bottom surface of the first projection being disposed in substantially the same plane as the top surface of the second projection or being disposed above the top surface of the second projection.
 25. A barrier comprising a housing having a first sidewall and an opposing second side wall, each sidewall extending between a top wall and a floor, the housing having an interior surface bounding a chamber that is adapted to receive a ballast, the housing having a maximum height extending between the floor and the top wall in a range between 6 inches to about 14 inches and a maximum width extending between the opposing side walls in a range between about 6 inches to about 14 inches, the first side wall having a sloped portion so that the distance between the sloped portion of the first side wall and the second side wall is greatest near the floor than near the top wall, a reflective tape or coating being attached to the sloped portion of the first side wall.
 26. The barrier as recited in claim 25, wherein the angle of slope is in a range between about 2 degrees to about 10 degrees.
 27. The barrier as recited in claim 25, wherein the housing comprises: a central body having a longitudinal axis extending between a first end and an opposing second end; a first projection projecting outward from the first end of the central body along the longitudinal axis, the first projection having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface; and a second projection projecting outward from the second end of the central body along the longitudinal axis, the second projection having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface, the bottom surface of the first projection being disposed in substantially the same plane as the top surface of the second projection or being disposed above the top surface of the second projection. 